Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction
A ramp for wheelchairs is an important tool to help a loved one live more independently at home. However, if they aren't designed correctly, they can be unsafe to use.
ADA regulations require level landings on any changes in direction to prevent compound slopes. They must also provide an area that is grippy for wheelchair users.
Design
The ramp's design must be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs can easily navigate the structure. For example, the ramp slope should not exceed the ratio 1:12 and must have level landings at any angle or change in the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed out of treated lumber which is more durable and withstands rain better than untreated lumber.
The top and bottom of the ramp need to be clear of obstacles such as bushes, trees or other structures that can hinder the safe passage of the ramp's user. The surface of the ramp should be non-slip as well as hard. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be covered with a non-slip surface.
For the ramp frame choose treated lumber that is at least 4 inches wide. To ensure the ramp is secured, construct posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend to below ground level. The posts should then connect to the ramp's railings using spindles. This type of connection is recommended because it minimizes the risk of an operator of the ramp falling off the edge of the ramp.
Then, construct the ramp's frame using joists that are at least 16 inches long and 2 by 4 inch beams. Make sure that the joists are at a minimum of 18 inches above the ground and that they are secured with hangers for joists, which are nails that grip the inside of the joists to prevent them from sliding out of alignment. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.
Add an upper landing to the doorway so that the wheelchair-bound occupants are able to easily maneuver the doorswing. The landing should be 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of doors that out-swing. For doors with in-swing the landing should be at minimum 58 by 60 inches to allow for the threshold and a person using a wheelchair who needs to walk backwards through the doorway.
Install an elevated landing at every alteration in the direction of the ramp to avoid the necessity for wheelchairs to hit on their brakes when turning corners. Adding a level landing also allows you to move the ramp out of the way, if needed so that lawnmowers and other equipment can pass underneath it.
Materials
Aluminium, wood, or concrete can be used to construct a wheelchair ramp. A professional ramp installer will help you select the most suitable option for your office or home. When choosing the material to use for the ramp, it is crucial to consider your budget and the specific requirements. The ramp must also be simple to maintain and safe to use. Certain cities require that the ramp be laid with a non-slip surface.
Before you purchase any materials or begin construction, make sure that you have the appropriate permits from your local authority and that you comply with all building codes in your area. Incorrect construction materials or techniques can create dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find the most current construction regulations in your local government building department, library or on the internet.
Wood ramps are often the most affordable of ADA ramp materials, however they require more maintenance than other alternatives. The wood ramp's surface need to be regularly treated with a sealer to avoid warping and rot. Wood can splinter, which is particularly hazardous for wheelchair users. Wood ramps can also need additional support in order to ensure the structure is maintained.
Concrete ramps are extremely durable and last for a long time however they can be expensive. They are heavy, which means more labor is required to put in ramps and may make it difficult to move the ramp after it is it is no longer required. Concrete ramps can handle the weight of powerful wheelchairs.
Aluminum ramps are lighter than concrete or steel however they possess the same strength and corrosion resistance. They are also less expensive than iron and steel which makes them a great option for people on a tight budget. Aluminum is a green choice since it is found in the earth's crust naturally and is recyclable.
The ramp's upper landing must be level or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door, allowing wheelchairs with smaller wheels to pass over the ramp without becoming stuck. Ramps that have gaps greater than this will not meet ADA standards. You should also make sure that the ramp transitions smoothly from the upper landing to the ground. The final section of the ramp should have a beveled edge that will prevent wheelchairs from stopping abruptly when they leave or enter a home.
Installation
A wheelchair ramp is a sloped plane ramp that can be erected as an alternative or in addition to steps. It allows wheelchair users, and those who use carts or strollers to access areas that are otherwise difficult to access.
When choosing a wheelchair access ramp, there are numerous factors to consider, such as the location, height, and cost. The ramp should be placed closest to the door to avoid unnecessary travel. It should be set at a height that the person using it is able to easily navigate. It should be firmly anchored to the floor and clear of any obstructions such as car parks, shrubs or other obstacles.
ADA regulations require ramps to have handrails on either side. The rails must be at 36 inches apart and have an edging surface that is rounded or smooth. Additionally, they should be attached to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches over the ramp edge. Handrails must be continuous when the ramp is designed with switchbacks, or in an L-shaped layout.
The length of the ramp is determined by the slope. However there are a few standard ramp types which can be used in all situations. For example the threshold ramp is directly on the lip of a curb, or the threshold of a doorway while ramps that are portable can be moved from one place to another and are available in a variety of sizes. There are also aluminum ramps that are modular that can be assembled on the spot. These ramps are usually employed in public or commercial areas, and tend to be longer.
If you are considering a permanent ramp, be sure you check with your city's building department to determine if you'll need a permit. It's also a good idea to consult with an expert in mobility to determine what kind ramp will be the most suitable for your needs and the space you have. In certain cases the installation of a permanent ramp can even boost the value of your home.
Maintenance
It is essential to maintain your wheelchair ramp especially if it will be used often. foldable ramps for wheelchairs is essential to conduct regular inspections and fix any structural issues when they occur. This will help ensure the ramp is compliant with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.
Wooden ramps require regular maintenance to get rid of dirt and debris that may block access. Keep the ramp clean to avoid moisture from accumulating under the surface. This could cause rot. Preservatives and stains for wood only work only if the ramp is thoroughly cleaned prior to application.
Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps because they are more prone to wear and tear. It is crucial to have the proper tools. To ensure that all fixings are secure and tight you'll need an appropriate set of screwdrivers and gauge spanners. Also, you should regularly check the handrails for signs damage or corrosion. As time passes, and with repeated usage, it's possible for some of the fittings or bolts that hold the handrails to come loose. This can pose a safety concern for anyone using the ramp.
Another crucial aspect is to ensure that the ramp's surface has sufficient grip, particularly in winter, when conditions can be challenging. You'll need to remove any dirt, leaves and other debris that could obstruct the surface and cause slippage. In addition, you'll want to apply an ice melt that is not corrosive to the ramp's surface before winter arrives to prevent slips and causing injury.
Think about purchasing "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if you are planning to use it for the duration of the winter. These are specifically designed to offer better tracking on snow and uneven surfaces, so they'll be more efficient than standard wheelchair tires in helping you stay on the ramp. You can also utilize heating pads or tape to melt the ice and snow on the ramp prior to it accumulates.